Ubuntu Server 20.04 üzerine Microsoft SQL Server 2019 Kurulumu

Microsoft 2016 yılında SQL Server için açık kaynaklı bir ilişkisel veritabanı sistemi geliştirdi. Bu makalemde Microsoft SQL Server 2019’un Ubuntu Server işletim sistemine kurulumu için yapılması gerekenleri göstereceğim.

Ubuntu 20.04 işletim sistemi üzerine MS SQL kurmak için minimum sistem gereksinimleri aşağıdaki gibi olmalıdır.

  • Minimum 2 GB RAM
  • En az 2 çekirdekli CPU
  • SQL Server kurulumu için işletim sistemi üzerine en az 20 GB boş disk alanı olmalıdır.

İşletim sisteminizin sürümünü doğrulamak için aşağıdaki komutu kullanabilirsiniz.

lsb_release -a

SQL Server 2019, komut satırı araçları ve ilgili yönetim yazılımı kurulumuna başlamadan önce yerel sistemimizin güncel olduğundan ve gerekli paketlerin kurulu olduğundan emin olalım. Aşağıdaki komutları çalıştırmak için bir terminal açın. Birincisi yerel paket önbelleğinizi ve işletim sisteminizi güncelleyecek. İkincisi, gelecekteki komutlar için ihtiyaç duyacağımız curl ve gerekli kütüphaneleri kuracaktır.

apt-get update -y
apt-get upgrade -y
apt install curl libxss1 libgconf-2-4 libunwind8

SQL Server’ı Ubuntu’da yapılandırmak için, mssql-server paketini kurmak için aşağıdaki komutları sıralamaya uygun olarak çalıştırılması gerekmektedir.

İşletim sisteminize, MS SQL apt depo paketlerine güvenmesi için GPG anahtarı ekleyiniz;

wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add –

SQL Server 2019 için Ubuntu işletim sitemiz üzerindeki repoya ekleyiniz.

add-apt-repository “$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019.list)”

SQL Server’ı kurmak için aşağıdaki komutları çalıştırınız.

apt-get update -y
apt-get install mssql-server

root@vkk-sql:~# apt-get update -y

Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Hit:3 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal InRelease
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages [1,422 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages [700 kB]
Fetched 2,458 kB in 11s (214 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done

root@vkk-sql:~#

root@vkk-sql:~# apt-get install mssql-server

Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  gdb gdbserver libatomic1 libbabeltrace1 libc++1 libc++1-10 libc++abi1-10 libc6-dbg libcc1-0 libdw1 libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit libsss-nss-idmap0
Suggested packages:
  gdb-doc clang
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gdb gdbserver libatomic1 libbabeltrace1 libc++1 libc++1-10 libc++abi1-10 libc6-dbg libcc1-0 libdw1 libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit libsss-nss-idmap0 mssql-server
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 268 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1,286 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y


Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libdw1 amd64 0.176-1.1build1 [226 kB]
Get:2 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal/main amd64 mssql-server amd64 15.0.4198.2-10 [253 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libbabeltrace1 amd64 1.5.8-1build1 [156 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gdb amd64 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 [3,222 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gdbserver amd64 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 [222 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [9,284 B]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libc++abi1-10 amd64 1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1 [59.4 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libc++1-10 amd64 1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1 [193 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [48.8 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit amd64 2.1.27+dfsg-2ubuntu0.1 [36.8 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 libc++1 amd64 1:10.0-50~exp1 [2,904 B]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6-dbg amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.7 [10.5 MB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libsss-nss-idmap0 amd64 2.2.3-3ubuntu0.8 [21.3 kB]
Fetched 268 MB in 2min 10s (2,065 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages …
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Setting up mssql-server (15.0.4198.2-10) …
 
+————————————————————–+
Please run ‘sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup’
to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server
+————————————————————–+
 
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) …
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.7) …
root@vkk-sql:~#

Paket kurulumu tamamlandıktan sonra, mssql-conf kurulumunu çalıştırınız, bu komut ile SQL Server sürümü ve SA hesabı için parola tanımlayabilirsiniz.

SQL SA hesabı için güçlü bir parola belirlediğinizden emin olun (Büyük ve küçük harfler, 10 tabanlı rakamlar ve/veya alfasayısal olmayan simgeler dahil olmak üzere en az 8 karakter kullanılmalıdır).

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

SQL Server yapılandırması tamamlandıktan sonra SQL Server’in servislerin çalıştığını doğrulayınız.

systemctl status mssql-server.service

SSMS aracı ile uzaktan bağlanmayı planlıyorsanız, güvenlik duvarınızda SQL Server TCP bağlantı noktasını (TCP-1433) açmanız gerekecektir bu işlem için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırabilirsiniz.

sudo ufw allow 1433
sudo ufw enable

MSSQL Tools ve unixODBC plugin kurulumu için aşağıdaki komutları sırasına uygun olarak çalıştırınız.

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add –

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list

sudo apt update

sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev

Bu kurulumun çıktısı aşağıdaki gibidir.

root@vkk-sql:~#
root@vkk-sql:~# curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add –
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   983  100   983    0     0   1806      0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:–  1803
OK
root@vkk-sql:~# curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100    89  100    89    0     0    185      0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:–   185
deb [arch=amd64,armhf,arm64] https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal main
root@vkk-sql:~# sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Hit:3 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2019 focal InRelease
Get:4 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal InRelease [10.5 kB]
Get:5 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal/main arm64 Packages [25.0 kB]
Get:6 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal/main armhf Packages [20.5 kB]
Get:7 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal/main amd64 Packages [151 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
Hit:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Fetched 429 kB in 2s (279 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run ‘apt list –upgradable’ to see it.
root@vkk-sql:~# sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  autoconf automake autotools-dev binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1
  liblsan0 libltdl-dev libmpc3 libodbc1 libquadmath0 libtool libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev m4 manpages-dev msodbcsql17 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 unixodbc
Suggested packages:
  autoconf-archive gnu-standards autoconf-doc gettext binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-9-locales gcc-multilib make flex bison gcc-doc gcc-9-multilib gcc-9-doc glibc-doc libtool-doc unixodbc-bin gfortran | fortran95-compiler gcj-jdk m4-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  autoconf automake autotools-dev binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1
  liblsan0 libltdl-dev libmpc3 libodbc1 libquadmath0 libtool libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev m4 manpages-dev msodbcsql17 mssql-tools odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 unixodbc unixodbc-dev
0 upgraded, 39 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 37.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 159 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:36 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libltdl-dev amd64 2.4.6-14 [162 kB]
Get:37 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libtool all 2.4.6-14 [161 kB]
Get:38 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 manpages-dev all 5.05-1 [2,266 kB]
Get:39 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/prod focal/main amd64 unixodbc-dev amd64 2.3.7 [37.1 kB]
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root@vkk-sql:~#

MS SQL binary dosyaları için PATH’in yapılandırılması için aşağıdaki komutları sırası ile çalıştırınız.

echo ‘export PATH=”$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile

echo ‘export PATH=”$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin”‘ >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

Linux işletim sistemi üzerine kurulan MS SQL Server 2019’un komut satırı araçları sqlcmd ile birlikte gelir. Azure Cloud ortamındaki SQL ‘de dahil olmak üzere yerel ve uzak SQL Server Instance’a bağlanmanıza olanak tanıyan SQL Server komut satırı aracı ile Linux üzerine kurduğumuz SQL Server sürümünü ve versiyon bilgisini sorgulamak için aşağıdaki komutu kullanabilirsiniz.

sqlcmd -S localhost -C -U SA -Q “SELECT @@VERSION”