Articles (Tanımlıklar) Nedir?

İngilizce’de articles (tanımlıklar) isimlerin (nouns) önüne gelerek onların belirli mi belirsiz mi olduğunu gösterir.
Üç çeşit article vardır:

1. A → belirsiz tanımlık (indefinite article)
2. An → belirsiz tanımlık (indefinite article)
3. The → belirli tanımlık (definite article)

Türkçede doğrudan karşılığı yoktur, ama genellikle:

• a/an = “bir, herhangi bir”
• the = “o, belirli olan”

“A” ve “An”

• A ve An, sadece tekil sayılabilen isimlerle kullanılır.
• Daha önce bahsedilmeyen, herhangi bir nesneden bahsederken kullanılır.

Örnek:

• I saw a dog in the park. (Parkta bir köpek gördüm – hangi köpek olduğu belli değil)
• She ate an apple. (Bir elma yedi – hangi elma olduğu önemli değil)

Kullanım Kuralları

• A → sessiz sesle başlayan kelimelerde
  • a cat, a book, a house, a car
• An → sesli sesle (a, e, i, o, u) başlayan kelimelerde
  • an apple, an egg, an umbrella, an idea

Önemli Nokta: Harf Değil Ses!

Kelimelerin başındaki ses dikkate alınır:

• Sessiz harf yazılıp okunmazsa → an
  • an hour (çünkü “h” okunmaz → /auər/)
  • an honest person (çünkü “h” okunmaz → /onest/)
• Sesli harf yazılıp sessiz ses çıkarsa → a
  • a university (çünkü /juː/ → “yuu” sesiyle başlar)
  • a European city (/juːrəˈpiːən/)

Özel Kullanımlar

• Meslekler:
  • She is a doctor.
  • He is an engineer.
• Ölçü, oran, sıklık:
  • three times a day
  • 90 kilometers an hour
• Bir şeyi ilk kez tanıtıyorsak:
  • I bought a car yesterday. The car is red.

Kullanılmadığı Yerler

• Çoğul isimlerle:
  • ❌ a dogs
  • ✅ dogs
• Sayılamayan isimlerle:
  • ❌ a water
  • ✅ a glass of water
• Özel isimlerle:
  • ❌ a Istanbul
  • ✅ Istanbul

“The”

Temel Tanım

The İngilizce’deki tek belirli tanımlıktır (definite article).

• Hem tekil hem çoğul isimlerle kullanılabilir.
• Hem sayılabilen hem sayılamayan isimlerle kullanılabilir.

Türkçedeki “o, bu, şu”ya benzetebilirsin.

Kullanım Alanları

Daha önce bahsedilen bir şey

• I saw a cat. The cat was black.

Herkesin bildiği tek şeyler

• the sun, the moon, the Earth, the sky

Dünyadaki özel yerler ve yapılar

• the Eiffel Tower, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal

Sıfat + çoğul isim (bir grubu belirtir)

• the rich (zenginler), the poor (fakirler), the young (gençler)

Sıra sayıları ve üstünlük sıfatları

• the first day, the best film, the most expensive car

Ülkeler, bölgeler, nehirler, dağ sıraları, denizler

• the United States, the Netherlands, the Alps, the Amazon, the Mediterranean

Enstrüman isimleri

• She plays the piano.
• He can play the guitar.

“The” Kullanılmadığı Yerler

❌ Genel konuşmalarda:

• Books are expensive. (Kitaplar pahalıdır.)
• Life is short. (Hayat kısadır.)

❌ Diller, sporlar, yemekler:

• She speaks English.
• He plays football.
• We had breakfast.

❌ Tekil özel isimler:

• I live in Turkey.
• She visited Paris.

“A” , “An” ve “The” Karşılaştırma Tablosu

Article	Anlamı	Kullanıldığı Yer	Örnek
A	bir, herhangi bir	sessiz sesle başlayan tekil sayılabilen isimler	a book, a car
An	bir, herhangi bir	sesli sesle başlayan tekil sayılabilen isimler	an apple, an hour
The	o, belirli olan	bilinen/tek olan şeyler, özel yerler, üstünlükler, sıra sayıları	the sun, the best, the book

• A/An → Yeni, ilk kez bahsedilen, belirsiz şeyler
• The → Daha önce bahsedilen veya herkesin bildiği, tek olan şeyler
• Harfe değil sese bak!
• Çoğul veya sayılamayan isimler genelde “the” ile ya da hiç article’sız kullanılır.

• A = “bir” (sessiz ses → a cat, a teacher)
• An = “bir” (sesli ses → an apple, an egg)
• The = “o” (belirli, bilinen → the sun, the moon, the book we talked about)

Örnek – A

1. I have a book.
2. She bought a car.
3. He saw a dog in the park.
4. We stayed in a hotel.
5. She needs a pen.
6. He wants a computer.
7. There is a bird on the tree.
8. He met a man yesterday.
9. She is a doctor.
10. He is a teacher.
11. They live in a house.
12. We saw a star last night.
13. He has a bicycle.
14. She found a wallet.
15. I want a sandwich.
16. She wore a red dress.
17. He gave me a gift.
18. There is a cat in the garden.
19. She drew a picture.
20. He made a cake.
21. She bought a phone.
22. We visited a museum.
23. He wrote a letter.
24. She opened a window.
25. He climbed a mountain.
26. She drank a cup of tea.
27. We saw a movie yesterday.
28. He bought a ticket.
29. She read a magazine.
30. He sent a message.
31. There is a flower on the table.
32. She cooked a meal.
33. He painted a wall.
34. She opened a shop.
35. He started a job.
36. She found a key.
37. He saw a bus.
38. She heard a noise.
39. He wants a laptop.
40. She needs a chair.
41. We had a meeting.
42. He read a story.
43. She built a house.
44. He wrote a book.
45. She has a brother.
46. He bought a shirt.
47. We saw a plane.
48. She caught a fish.
49. He took a photo.
50. She has a job.

Örnek – An

1. She ate an apple.
2. He bought an orange.
3. I saw an elephant at the zoo.
4. She found an egg.
5. He gave me an idea.
6. She read an article.
7. He is an actor.
8. She is an engineer.
9. He waited for an hour.
10. She had an accident.
11. He bought an umbrella.
12. She wore an old dress.
13. He met an honest man.
14. She wrote an email.
15. He made an effort.
16. She took an exam.
17. He has an uncle.
18. She gave me an answer.
19. He saw an eagle.
20. She bought an ice cream.
21. He found an insect.
22. She gave me an invitation.
23. He saw an island.
24. She took an opportunity.
25. He wants an explanation.
26. She has an opinion.
27. He read an interesting book.
28. She met an American girl.
29. He wrote an essay.
30. She bought an oven.
31. He saw an owl.
32. She got an award.
33. He made an announcement.
34. She met an important person.
35. He found an error.
36. She took an exam paper.
37. He made an appointment.
38. She saw an accident.
39. He gave her an order.
40. She heard an unusual sound.
41. He told us an interesting story.
42. She met an old friend.
43. He wore an expensive shirt.
44. She saw an advertisement.
45. He sent an invitation card.
46. She bought an onion.
47. He found an ancient coin.
48. She drew an animal.
49. He opened an account.
50. She told me an incredible fact.

Örnek – The

1. I saw a cat. The cat was black.
2. We went to see the Eiffel Tower.
3. The sun is shining.
4. The moon looks beautiful tonight.
5. She is reading the book you gave me.
6. He is the best player in the team.
7. We visited the museum in the city.
8. He lives near the river.
9. They climbed the Alps.
10. He is the first person in line.
11. We had lunch at the new restaurant.
12. I saw the man we met yesterday.
13. She opened the window.
14. He fixed the car that was broken.
15. She watched the movie last night.
16. He read the story aloud.
17. They visited the United States.
18. He swam in the Mediterranean Sea.
19. She crossed the street carefully.
20. We went to the park yesterday.
21. He stayed in the hotel near the beach.
22. She likes the blue dress.
23. He opened the door.
24. We studied in the library.
25. She looked at the stars.
26. He sat on the chair.
27. She visited the doctor.
28. He is reading the newspaper.
29. We took the bus.
30. She cleaned the kitchen.
31. He washed the dishes.
32. We enjoyed the show.
33. He wore the red shirt.
34. She fixed the computer.
35. We ate at the café.
36. He studied for the exam.
37. She answered the question.
38. He called the police.
39. She fed the dog.
40. He watered the flowers.
41. We visited the old castle.
42. She painted the wall.
43. He repaired the roof.
44. She cooked the meal.
45. We enjoyed the music.
46. He saw the teacher.
47. She entered the room.
48. We cleaned the house.
49. He locked the door.
50. She helped the poor.